Business Guide to Trade and Investment – Volume 1

This first volume on International Trade edited by Arthur Appleton and Patrick Macrory, is a most welcome addition to the publications on international trade law and policy.

Volume 1 of this series introduces business interests to the international and regional rules applicable to trade in goods and services, as well as to aspects of trade such as intellectual property rights and dispute settlement. Businesses that have an understanding of the history of the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) will find it easier to appreciate how they can benefit economically from the international trade regime.

Volume 1 covers the following subject areas:

• Introduction to the world trading system, economic and political benefits of trade, structure and functioning of the WTO
• Fundamental rules governing international trade
• Customs issues including how customs authorities determine the amount of duties due on imports
• Non-tariff barriers
• WTO rules relating to subsidies
• How industries can obtain relief from imports causing them harm
• Rules applicable to trade in agricultural goods
• Government procurement
• Export Controls and Sanctions
• Rules applicable to Trade in Services, IP rights
• How disputes are settled in the WTO and regional trade agreements

The book also includes case studies showing how particular industries have used the rules to open foreign markets or to protect themselves from injurious imports.

The authors have worked hard to simplify the complex and technical subjects of trade and investment to make them more accessible. Technical subjects have been broken down into readily understandable language. Business guidance is provided in the form of Shaded Tip Boxes, as well as legal details in Text Boxes.

Learn how your business can take advantage of international trade agreements: click to hear from the author on how this book can be useful to you and your business.

Table of contents : 

• Acknowledgements
• Dedication
• Advisory Board
• Preface: Jean-Pierre Lehmann
• 1.     International Trade
• Overview
• 2.     CHAPTER 1 (Patrick F.J. Macrory and Arthur E. Appleton): Introduction to International Trade
• a.     The Importance of Trade Rules for Business
  b.     The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
  c.     The World Trade Organization
  d.     Regional Trade Agreements
  e.     Preferential Trade Arrangements
  f.      Ascertaining the “Rules of the Game”
• 3.     CHAPTER 2 (Patrick F.J. Macrory and Arthur E. Appleton): Cornerstone Principles and Exceptions
• a.     Introduction
• b.     Tariffs and Other Border Measures
• c.     GATT Rules on Tariffs
• d.     Tariffs Under Regional Trade Agreements and Preferential Trade Arrangements
• e.     The Ban on Quantitative Restrictions
• f.      The Rules Against Discrimination Transparency
• g.     GATT Exceptions
• 4.     CHAPTER 3 (Daniel Cannistra): Customs Issues
• a.     Introduction
• b.     Duty Assessment
• c.     Duty Deferment and Mitigation Programmes
• d.     Country-of-Origin Marking
• e.     The Agreement on Trade Facilitation
• f.      Global Customs Issues…
• g.     Global Supply Chain Security Programmes
• h.     Compliance with Customs Laws and Regulations
• 5.     CHAPTER 4 (Arthur E. Appleton and Patrick F. J. Macrory): Non-Tariff Barriers – The Agreements on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and Technical Barriers to Trade
• a.     Introduction
• b.     Scope and Application of the SPS Agreement
• c.     Scope and Application of the TBT Agreement
• d.     Mega-Regional Free Trade Agreements
• 6.     CHAPTER 5 (Dominic Coppens and Todd Friedbacher): Subsidies
• a.     Setting the Stage
• b.     When Is a Foreign Firm Subsidized
• c.     When Is a Subsidy WTO-Inconsistent
• d.     What Can be Done to Remedy Subsidized Competition
• e.     How to Design a WTO-Consistent Subsidy Programme
• 7.     CHAPTER 6 (Peggy Clarke, Gary N. Horlick and Margaret Spicer Protection Against Injurious Imports)
• a.     Introduction
• b.     Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duties
• c.     Safeguard Actions
• d.     National Security
• e.     Protection From Imports Infringing Intellectual Property Rights
• 8.     CHAPTER 7 (Christian Lau and Colette van der Ven): The WTO Agreement on Agriculture
• a.     Introduction
• b.     Market Access
• c.     Export Subsidies
• d.     Domestic Support
• 9.     CHAPTER 8 (Peter Trepte): Government Procurement
• a.     Introduction
• b.     Government Procurement Agreement Coverage
• c.     The Core Principles
• d.     The Procedural Rules Challenges
• e.     The 2012 Government Procurement Agreement
• 10. CHAPTER 9 (Stewart Baker and Anthony Rapa): Export Controls and Sanctions
• a.     Introduction
• b.     Export Controls
• c.     Anti-Boycott Regulations
• d.     Sanctions
• e.     Compliance With Export Control and Sanctions Regimes
• f.      Export Controls and Sanctions in the Trade Agreement Context
• 11. CHAPTER 10 (Peter Allgeier and Olivia Burzynska-Hernandez): Trade in Services
• a.     Introduction
• b.     General Obligations.
• c.     Specific Commitments.
• d.     How to Read a GATS Schedule Protocols
• e.     Positive List vs. Negative List
• f.      Exceptions
• g.     Annexes
• h.     Dispute Settlement
• i.       Bilateral and Plurilateral Agreements
• j.       The Post-GATS Landscape and the Forward Agenda Conclusion
• 12. CHAPTER 11 (Eric M. Solovy and Judah J. Ariel): International Intellectual Property Protection
• a.     Introduction and Background
• b.     Overview of the TRIPS Agreement
• c.     Substantive Standards for Intellectual Property
• d.     Procedural Requirements
• e.     TRIPS-plus Provisions in RTAs
• 13. CHAPTER 12 (Patrick F.J. Macrory and Arthur E. Appleton): Dispute Settlement
• a.     Introduction
• b.     The International Level
• c.     Regional Trade Agreements
• d.     National Level
• 14. CHAPTER 13: Case Studies
• a.     Cooling off Regulatory Protectionism: How WTO Litigation Opened the US Market for Beef and Pork (Simon Lester and Inu Manak)
• i.     Introduction
• ii.     Background on the COOL Legislation and Regulations
• iii.     The WTO Litigation
• iv.     Lessons Learned
• b.     Litigating Conceptual Disputes in the WTO: The Case of Zeroing (Neil R. Ellis)
• i.     Introduction
• ii.     The Zeroing Disputes.
• iii.     Conclusion
• c.     International Rules against Discriminatory Treatment of Imports: Taxation of Alcoholic Beverages (Iain MacVay)
• i.     Introduction
• ii.     The Legal Context
• iii.     The Cases
• iv.     Industries’ Role in Alcoholic Beverage Disputes
• v.     Lessons Learned by Industry from the Alcoholic Beverages Cases
• d.     The US-Canada Lumber Trade Battles (Spencer S. Griffith)
• i.     Introduction
• ii.     The Cases Conclusion
• iii.     Lessons Learned
• Author Biographies
• ICC Publications
• ICC at a Glance